RANCANG BANGUN SIMULATOR PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA PIKOHIDRO MENGGUNAKAN VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE SEBAGAI PENGATUR KECEPATAN PUTARAN
Abstract
Abstrak
Pembangkit listrik tenaga pikohidro (PLTPH) potensial digunakan sebagai pembangkit listrik terbarukan yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pengguna listrik skala rumah tangga maupun UMKM. PLTPH memiliki keterbatasan dikarenakan debit aliran air pada sungai yang fluktuatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang simulator PLTPH dan menganalisis potensi daya yang dapat dibangkitkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pompa booster untuk menambah debit aliran sebagai penggerak turbin. Motor listrik tiga fasa digunakan untuk menambah putaran turbin pada simulator PLTPH. Sumber energi listrik dari PLN digunakan untuk mensuplai daya pompa booster dan motor listrik tiga fasa pada simulator. Penelitian ini mengusulkan penggunaan variable speed drive (VSD) untuk menggendalikan kecepatan putaran pompa booster dan motor listrik. Pengujian simulator PLTPH menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi VSD berbanding lurus dengan kecepatan putaran motor, turbin, dan generator. Kecepatan putaran maksimal generator sebesar 3432 rpm. Potensi debit aliran yang dihasilkan adalah 64,8 lpm dan potensi daya yang dapat dibangkitkan sebesar 15,08 W.
Abstract
Picohydro power plants (PLTPH) have the potential to be used as renewable energy that can be utilized by household customers and UMKM. PLTPH has problems due to fluctuating river or channel water flows. The aim of this research is to design a PLTPH simulator and analyze the potential power that can be generated. This research uses a booster pump to increase the flow rate to drive the turbine. A three-phase electric motor is used to increase the turbine rotation in the PLTPH simulator. Electrical energy sources from PLN are used to supply power to the booster pump and three-phase electric motor in the simulator. This research proposes the use of a variable speed drive (VSD) to control the rotation speed of booster pumps and electric motors. PLTPH simulator testing shows that the VSD frequency is directly proportional to the rotation speed of the motor, turbine and generator. The maximum rotation speed of the generator is 3432 rpm. The potential flow rate produced is 64,8 lpm and the potential power that can be generated is 15,08 W
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/orbith.v20i1.5630
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