Analysis of Sawdust and Coal Biomass Fuel Variations on the Efficiency of 660 MW Multistage Turbine Steam Power Plant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32497/jrm.v20i3.6549Keywords:
Efficiency, Sawdust, Coal, Cofiring, Steam TurbineAbstract
The use of biomass as an alternative fuel in power generation systems is an important strategy in supporting the clean energy transition. This study analyzes the effect of variations in the mixture of biomass fuel in the form of sawdust with coal on the efficiency of a 660 MW multistage turbine in a Steam Power Plant (PLTU). The study was conducted experimentally with six variations of sawdust mixture from 0% to 5%. Data were obtained from direct observation and secondary data, then analyzed quantitatively using calculations of isentropic efficiency, turbine power, turbine heat rate, thermal efficiency, and exhaust emissions. The results showed that increasing the percentage of sawdust caused a decrease in the isentropic efficiency of the three types of turbines, namely High Pressure Turbine (HPT) from 85.90% to 83.20%, Intermediate Pressure Turbine (IPT) 98.01% to 96.89%, and Low Pressure Turbine (LPT) from 88.64% to 88.03%, output power from 639.150 MW to 603.525 MW, and thermal efficiency from 45.16%. to 44.04%, as well as an increase in turbine heat rate from 7971.761 kJ/kWh to 8174.373 kJ/kWh. However, flue gas emissions decreased significantly such as SO₂ from 354.898 mg/Nm³ to 11.507 mg/Nm³ and NOₓ from 220.549 mg/Nm³ to 140.324 mg/Nm³, while CO₂ remained relatively stable. The decrease in efficiency is due to the characteristics of sawdust, which has a lower heating value and higher moisture content than coal.
References
[1] Ilham MF, Suedy SWA. Effect of Co-Firing Using Sawdust on the Heat Rate Value of PLTU. J New and Renewable Energy. 2022;3(2):121-7.
[2] Republic of Indonesia. Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 112 of 2022 concerning Acceleration of Renewable Energy Development for Electricity Supply. 2022;(135413):1–37 . https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/225308/perpres-no-112-tahun-2022. (Accessed on May 22, 2025 ).
[3] Minister Arifin: Energy Transition Absolutely Necessary. 2020. https://www.esdm.go.id/id/media-center/arsipberita/menteri-arifin-transisi-energi-mutlak-diperlukan (Accessed on May 22, 2025 ).
[4] Tanbar F, Purba S, Samsudin AS, Supriyanto E, Aditya I. Analysis of Sawdust Testing Characteristics. Analysis of Sawdust Biomass Co-Firing Tester Characteristics in Pltu Type Pulverized Coal Boil as an Effort to Mix Renew Energy. 2021;4(1):88-100.
[5] Arisandi GF, Krishna Putra AB. Cycle Tempo 5.0 Simulation of the Impact of Variations in Coal Co-Firing Ratio and Corn Cob Type Biomass on the Performance of a 400 MW PLTU. J Tek ITS. 2023;12(2).
[6] Danial, Kurniawan E, Samosir R. Isentropic Efficiency Analysis of Steam Turbine of Biomass Power Plant (PLTBM). J Mechanical Engineering. 2019;II(3):84-91.
[7] Irawan OW, Pratama LS, Insani C. Thermodynamic Analysis of 1500 kW Capacity Steam Power Plant Cycle. 2021;5(3):109-18.
[8] Suriaman I, Suprayitno A, Hermanto A. Analysis of the Effect of Steam Rate on Condensing Steam Turbine Efficiency at Pltu Pt. Xxx. J Tekno. 2022;12(2):205-15
[9] Jamaludin, Kurniawan I. Calculation Analysis of Turbine Power Generated and Steam Turbine Efficiency at Unit 1 and Unit 2 at Pt. Indonesia Power Uboh Ujp Banten 3 Lontar. Mot Bakar J Mechanical Engineering. 2017;1(2):1-8
[10] Gunawan W, Gunawan BA. Study of Boiler Efficiency Against Coal Calorific Value in Coal Pulverizer Type Boilers with a Capacity of 300 T / H. J Intent J Ind and Integrated Technol. 2020;3(2):122-30.
[11] Sidiq AN, Anwar M. Comparison of Steam Turbine Efficiency Under Actual Conditions Based on Commissioning Data According to ASME PTC 6 Standard. 2021;10(1):190-9.
[12] Moran MJ, Shapiro HN, Boettner DD., B. MbB Fundamentals Of Engineering Thermodynamics Seventh Edition. Vol. 4. 2016. 1–23 P.
[3] Manullang JSE, Lumbantobing D. Performance of Jieneng Steam Turbine with 15 Mw Power at Pltu Growth Asia. SINERGI POLMED J Ilm Tek Mesin. 2023;4(2):45-58
[14] Cahyadi D, Hermawan. Analysis of Turbine Generator Efficiency Calculation QFSN-300-2-20B Units 10 and 20. 2015; (October).
[15] Setiawan F, Melkias A, Slameto. Performance Analysis of Steam Turbine Unit 1 at Cirebon Power. J Energy Tech. 2022;11(2):7-11.
[16] Edy S, Aqli M. Efficiency Analysis of Steam Turbine Unit 1 at Pt. Pjb Ubjom Pltu Pulang Pisau Central Kalimantan. 2021;3(1):57–67.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Radissa Dzaky Issafira, Mokh Ausin Al Qoroni, Muhammad Daru Fatkhur Rizki, Vrischo Candra Kumara Wardana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright of articles that appear in Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin belongs exclusively to Penerbit Jurusan Teknik Mesin Politeknik Negeri Semarang. This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions, or any other reproductions of similar nature.
