Article Retraction & Withdrawal

An article may be retracted if there is clear evidence of research misconduct, such as plagiarism or data falsification. Ethical violations are identified post-publication. A retraction notice will be published, clearly stating the reasons for the action, and the original article will be marked as retracted. For article withdrawal, authors may request to withdraw their article prior to its acceptance for publication.

• Before Review: Authors can withdraw without incurring any penalties.
• After Review/Acceptance: Withdrawal at this stage should be justified, and authors may be charged a withdrawal fee to compensate for editorial resources used.